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Maternal Age
All Women
Black Women Only
Crude OR
Adjusted ORa
Crude OR
Adjusted ORa
Spontaneous Preterm Birth
20–29 years (ref)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
< 20 years
1.11 (0.92–1.34)
0.93 (0.76–1.13)
1.12 (0.87–1.45)
0.88 (0.67–1.16)
30–39 years
1.08 (0.95–1.21)
1.30 (1.14–1.49)
1.11 (0.94–1.32)
1.42 (1.18–1.71)
40+ years
1.08 (0.81–1.44)
1.39 (1.03–1.88)
1.02 (0.70–1.47)
1.37 (0.93–2.02)
Cesarean Section
20–29 years (ref)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
< 20 years
0.60 (0.50–0.72)
0.62 (0.51–0.74)
0.59 (0.46–0.75)
0.61 (0.47–0.79)
30–39 years
1.77 (1.60–1.95)
1.68 (1.51–1.87)
1.68 (1.47–1.93)
1.64 (1.41–1.92)
40+ years
2.84 (2.27–3.56)
2.58 (2.03–3.27)
2.52 (1.90–3.34)
2.42 (1.79–3.28)
Low Birth Weight
20–29 years (ref)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
< 20 years
1.14 (0.97–1.35)
0.92 (0.77–1.10)
1.17 (0.94–1.46)
0.91 (0.72–1.16)
30–39 years
1.15 (1.04–1.28)
1.36 (1.21–1.53)
1.19 (1.03–1.37)
1.58 (1.34–1.87)
40+ years
1.19 (0.93–1.53)
1.42 (1.09–1.85)
1.20 (0.88–1.62)
1.66 (1.19–2.32)
a Covariates include: sociodemographic factors (maternal race, parity, education, marital status, receipt of public assistance, yearly income, nativity), biomedical conditions (obesity, hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus) and behavioral factors (including positive factors such as consistent intake of multivitamin supplements, support from father of baby, support from family, and negative factors such as major stress in pregnancy, cigarette smoking and alcohol intake)
