The influence of exercise during pregnancy on racial/ethnic health disparities and birth outcomes

Table 2 Maternal Descriptive, Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes by Maternal Race

Characteristics	NHW (n = 95)	NHB (n = 30)	p-value
Demographics
Age (yr.)^a	30.2 (3.5)	29.3 (5.8)	0.29
Pre-Pregnancy BMI^a	25.2 (5.2)	28.5 (5.7)	0.004
Education Level^{c, d}
Post-Secondary (%, n)	96.5% (82)	57.1% [12]	< 0.0001
Activity Level^a METs (ml O₂·kg⁻¹·min^− 1)	393.0 (0.0, 1225.0)	163.9 (0.0, 942.0)	0.002
Pregnancy
Gravida^b	1.0 (1.0, 5.0)	2.0 (1.0, 6.0)	0.34
GDM (n)^c	7.5% [7]	3.3% [1]	0.42
Gestational Weight Gain (lb)	30.1 (12.1)	28.7 (15.3)	0.66
Delivery
Cesarean Section (n)^c	21.7 (21)	26.7 (8)	0.62

Note: Means (SD), medians (range) and proportions are reported and ^aStudent’s t-test, ^bWilcoxon Rank Sum tests and ^cFisher’s Exact tests were performed, respectively. BMI = body mass index (kg/m²); GDM gestational diabetes mellitus. METs metabolic equivalents expressed in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute. NHW Non-Hispanic White; NHB Non-Hispanic Black. ^dNineteen participants had missing data for level of education

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