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|
Risk factors
|
N
|
Risk (%)
|
Crude OR
|
95% CI
|
Adj. OR*
|
95% CI
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
| | | | | | |
|
≤25
|
141
|
26
|
1.00
|
-
| | |
|
26–29
|
338
|
29
|
1.16
|
0.75,1.81
| | |
|
30–34
|
356
|
32
|
1.29
|
0.83, 2.00
| | |
|
≥35
|
114
|
41
|
1.97
|
1.16,3.35
| | |
|
Age (continuous)
| | |
1.04
|
1.01,1.07
|
1.02
|
0.99,1.06
|
|
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)
|
|
<20.0
|
216
|
25
|
1.00
|
-
| | |
|
20.0–23.9
|
442
|
30
|
1.31
|
0.90,1.89
| | |
|
≥24.0
|
291
|
37
|
1.74
|
1.18,2.58
| | |
|
BMI (continuous)
| | |
1.05
|
1.02,1.09
|
1.07
|
1.03,1.11
|
|
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg)
|
|
≤11.0
|
268
|
31
|
1.00
|
-
| | |
|
11.1–14.0
|
272
|
30
|
0.93
|
0.64,1.34
| | |
|
14.1–17.0
|
194
|
35
|
1.18
|
0.80,1.75
| | |
|
>17.0
|
215
|
29
|
0.89
|
0.60,1.31
| | |
|
Baby's weight (g)
|
|
<4000
|
837
|
31
|
1.00
|
-
| | |
|
≥4000
|
112
|
30
|
0.96
|
0.73,1.48
| | |
|
Previous vaginal birth
|
|
0
|
572
|
28
|
1.00
|
-
|
1.00
|
-
|
|
≥1
|
377
|
36
|
1.50
|
1.13,1.98
|
1.30
|
0.85,1.98
|
|
Group of randomization
|
|
Controls
|
478
|
33
|
1.00
| | | |
|
Massage
|
470
|
29
|
0.85
|
0.65,1.12
| | |
|
Urinary incontinence Before delivery
| | | | | | |
|
None
|
319
|
17
|
1.00
|
-
|
1.00
|
-
|
|
Onset before Index pregnancy
|
211
|
56
|
6.24
|
4.20,9.27
|
6.44
|
4.15,9.98
|
|
Onset during Index pregnancy
|
412
|
29
|
1.98
|
1.39,2.83
|
1.93
|
1.32,2.83
|
|
Type of delivery
|
|
Spontaneous
|
682
|
33
|
1.00
|
-
|
1.00
|
-
|
|
Vacuum
|
79
|
35
|
1.11
|
0.68,1.80
|
1.27
|
0.74,2.19
|
|
Forceps
|
74
|
37
|
1.16
|
0.70,1.91
|
1.73
|
0.96,3.13
|
|
Caesarean‡‡
|
114
|
12
|
0.28
|
0.16,0.51
|
0.27
|
0.14,0.50
|
|
Epidural anesthesia‡
|
|
No
|
294
|
35
|
1.00
|
-
| | |
|
Yes
|
541
|
33
|
0.93
|
0.69,1.26
| | |
|
Duration of second Stage (hrs)‡
|
|
<0.5
|
317
|
39
|
1.00
|
-
|
1.00
|
-
|
|
0.5–0.9
|
175
|
31
|
0.71
|
0.48,1.06
|
0.85
|
0.54,1.33
|
|
1.0–1.4
|
127
|
31
|
0.71
|
0.46,1.10
|
0.78
|
0.46,1.35
|
|
≥1.5
|
216
|
31
|
0.71
|
0.49,1.0
|
0.68
|
0.52,1.42
|
|
Episiotomy‡
|
|
No
|
612
|
35
|
1.00
|
-
|
1.00
|
-
|
|
Yes
|
223
|
29
|
0.75
|
0.54,1.05
|
0.68
|
0.47,1.01
|
- Total may vary because of missing values. *Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, previous vaginal birth, timing of onset of urinary incontinence, type of delivery, duration of second stage, and episiotomy. ‡only vaginal deliveries (n = 835) included ‡‡Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, previous vaginal birth, timing of onset of urinary incontinence, type of delivery
